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常用货运英语知识点

来源:明嘉物流 发布时间:2025-06-13 19:47:53 1

以下是一些常用的货运英语知识点:

一、基础词汇

  1. 货物相关
    • Cargo:货物,指运送的物品或商品,如“The cargo is ready for shipment.”(货物已准备好装运。)
    • Freight:运费,专指大宗货物运输(尤其是陆运/海运),如“The freight cost is included in the total price.”(运费已包含在总价中。)
    • Shipment:货物,装运,强调运输中的货物批次,如“Our shipment was delayed due to bad weather.”(由于天气恶劣,我们的货物运输延误了。)
  2. 运输方式
    • Sea Freight:海运,如“Sea freight is usually cheaper than air freight.”(海运通常比空运便宜。)
    • Air Freight:空运,如“We need to send this urgent shipment by air freight.”(我们需要通过空运发送这批紧急货物。)
    • Land Freight:陆运,如“The goods will be transported by land freight to the destination.”(货物将通过陆运运往目的地。)
  3. 运输工具与容器
    • Container:集装箱,如“The cargo is loaded into a 40-foot container.”(货物被装入一个40英尺的集装箱。)
    • Truck:卡车,如“The truck will arrive at the warehouse at 3 p.m.”(卡车将于下午3点到达仓库。)
    • Ship:船,如“The ship is scheduled to sail tomorrow morning.”(船计划于明天早上起航。)
  4. 文件与费用
    • Bill of Lading:提单,运输合同和货物所有权证明的重要文件,如“Please provide the original bill of lading for customs clearance.”(请提供提单原件用于清关。)
    • Invoice:发票,货物交易的正式账单,如“The invoice shows the total amount due.”(发票上显示了应付款总额。)
    • Freight Rate:运费率,如“The freight rate has increased due to rising fuel costs.”(由于燃料成本上升,运费率已经提高。)

二、常用短语

  1. 运输安排
    • Arrange Shipment:安排货物运输,如“We will arrange shipment as soon as we receive the payment.”(我们一收到付款就会安排货物运输。)
    • Book a Container:预订集装箱,如“We need to book a container for next week's shipment.”(我们需要为下周的货物运输预订一个集装箱。)
  2. 货物状态与追踪
    • In Transit:运输中,如“The goods are currently in transit and should arrive in 3 days.”(货物目前正在运输中,预计3天后到达。)
    • Track and Trace:追踪与查询,如“You can track and trace your shipment online.”(您可以在线追踪和查询您的货物运输状态。)
  3. 费用与支付
    • Freight Prepaid:运费预付,如“The freight is prepaid by the sender.”(运费由发货人预付。)
    • Freight Collect:运费到付,如“The freight will be collected from the receiver.”(运费将由收货人支付。)
  4. 清关与文件
    • Customs Clearance:报关,如“We need to complete customs clearance before the shipment can leave the port.”(在货物离开港口前,我们需要完成报关手续。)
    • Provide Documentation:提供文件,如“Please provide all necessary documentation for customs clearance.”(请提供清关所需的所有必要文件。)

三、专业术语

  1. 国际贸易术语
    • FOB (Free on Board):装船港船上交货,指卖方将货物交至指定港口,并负责将货物装上买方指定的船只。
    • CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight):成本、保险加运费,指卖方负责货物运费和保险费,但风险在货物交付给船运公司后转移给买方。
  2. 集装箱类型
    • FCL (Full Container Load):整箱,指一个集装箱内装满了单一客户的货物,适合大宗货物运输。
    • LCL (Less than Container Load):拼箱,指多个客户的货物装在一个集装箱内,适合少量货物的运输。
  3. 费用附加项
    • Demurrage:滞期费,在指定时间内未提取集装箱或货物而产生的额外费用。
    • Detention:滞留费,集装箱或货物在租用期间超时未还回而产生的费用。
    • BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor):燃油附加费,由于燃料价格波动而产生的额外费用。

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